• History Of Second World War In Hindi Pdf

The end of the Second World War did not signal a return to normality; on the contrary, it resulted in a new. The Second World War completely changed the face of the world. The toll in both. Changes to external policy marked a real turnaround in the history of the United States, which had previously.

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World War II From top left to bottom right: army in the; troops burying a person alive; A German under attack; forces in the Eastern Front; Soviet troops fighting in; Japanese planes readying for take off from an. Date 1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945 (6 years and 1 day) Location Europe, Pacific, Atlantic, South-East Asia, China, Middle East, Mediterranean and Africa Result victory.

Foundation of the. The and the became.

The empires of Italy, Japan, and Germany dissolved. Participants (from 1941) (from 1941) (from 1937) (from 1937) (from 1940) Commanders and leaders Casualties and losses Military Dead:: Over 16,000,000 Civilian Dead: Over 45,000,000 Total Dead: Over 61,000,000 Military Dead: Over 8,000,000 Civilian Dead: Over 4,000,000 Total Dead: Over 12,000,000 World War II ( WWII or WW2), also called the Second World War and, in the Soviet Union, the Great Patriotic War, was a global war involving fighting in many parts of the world and many countries. Most countries fought 1939–1945 but some started fighting in 1937. Most of the world's countries, including all the, fought as part of two: the and the. It more countries, cost more money, and killed more people than any other war in human history.

Between 30 and 50 million people died. The majority were. The start of the war in Asia was when the invaded on 7 July 1937, as the start. The start of the war in Europe was when on 1 September 1939. And reacted to the German invasion of Poland by declaring war on Germany.

The reacted to the Japanese invasion of by placing an oil on Japan. By 1941, much of Europe was under German control. Only Britain remained fighting against the Axis in North Africa, the, and. In June 1941, the Axis Powers invaded the, starting the largest in history. In December 1941, Japan attacked Western colonies in. The Japanese victories were stopped in 1942, and the European Axis victories were also stopped by 1943, both in North Africa and in the Soviet Union. After that, the Allies started to fight back from all sides.

The Axis lost North and, starting in 1943, were forced to Italy. In 1944, the Allies invaded France, heading towards Germany, while the Soviets kept closing in from the East.

Surrendered in May 1945. Japan formally surrendered on 2 September 1945.

The war ended with the Allied victory. After the war, the was set up to develop support between countries and to prevent future wars. The among the major winners soon started, but they did not fight each other in an actual war. Of Asia and Africa, where those countries controlled by European countries were given their, happened as well.

This was because European power was weakened from the war. Economic and the political integration (the process of countries) were among other results of the war. Contents. The two sides The countries that joined the war were on one of two sides: the Axis and the Allies. The Axis Powers at the start of the war were, and. There were many meetings to create the alliance between these countries., and joined the Axis later.

As the war continued, some Axis countries changed to join the Allies instead. The Allied Powers were the and some members, Yugoslavia, Greece, Belgium and at the start of the war. In June 1941, the Soviet Union joined the Allies, after Germany attacked it. On 11 December 1941, four days after, the joined the Allies. Background had greatly changed the way of and in Asia, and Africa with the defeat of the. Empires which sided with the Central Powers were destroyed. The, which did not side with the Central Powers, died as well.

The war also changed the borders in, with many new countries born. The war led to strong and revanchism. These senses were especially strong in Germany, which had no choice but to sign the. The Germans also had 13% of their homeland area and all colonies taken away, and they had to pay back to the Allies. The size of their army and navy was also limited, while its air force was banned.

In Italy, were unhappy with the outcome of the war, thinking that their should have gained far more territory from the past agreement with the Allies. The movement in the 1920s brought to the leadership of the country. He promised to make Italy a great power by creating its colonial empire.

After the (KMT), the governing party of, unified the country in the 1920s, between it and its past ally began. In 1931, Japan used the as a reason to take and set up its, while the could not do anything to stop it. The, a, was signed in 1933.

In 1936, the KMT and the communists agreed to stop fighting against each other to fight Japan instead. In 1937, Japan started a to take the rest of China.

Nazi rally at Nuremberg, 1934 After the was disestablished, the was set up. There were disagreements between the Germans which involved many political, ranging from nationalism to.

The fascist movement in Germany rose because of the., leader of the, became the in 1933. After the, Hitler created a state, where there is only one party by law. Hitler wanted to change the world order and quickly rebuilt the army, navy and air force, especially after was reunited in 1935. In March 1936, Hitler sent the army to. The began in July 1936. The war ended with the nationalist victory, supported by Italy and Germany.

In March 1938, Germany sent its army into, which had only a little reaction from European countries. Shortly after that, the Allies, part of, to Germany, so that Hitler would promise to stop taking more land. But the rest of the country was either forced to surrender or invaded by March 1939. The Allies now tried to stop him, by promising to help if it was attacked.

Just before the war, and the Soviet Union signed a, agreeing that they would not attack each other for ten years. In the secret part of it, they agreed to divide between them.

Course of the war. Map showing the beginning of World War II in Europe, September 1939.

World War II began on 1 September 1939, as Germany. On 3 September, Britain, France, and the members of the declared war on Germany. They could not help Poland much and only sent a small French attack on Germany from the West. The Soviet Union invaded eastern Poland soon after Germany, on 17 September. Finally, Poland was divided. Germany then signed an agreement to work together with the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union forced the Baltic countries to allow it to keep Soviet soldiers in their countries.

Finland did not accept the Soviet call for its land, so in November 1939. With peace, the world war broke out. France and Britain thought that the Soviet Union might enter the war on the side of Germany and drove the Soviet Union out of the. After Poland was defeated, the ' began in Western Europe. While British soldiers were sent to the Continent, there were no big battles fought between two sides. Then, in April 1940, Germany decided to attack and so that it would be safer to transport iron ore from Sweden. The British and French sent an army to disrupt the German occupation, but had to leave when Germany invaded France.

Was replaced by as Prime Minister of United Kingdom in May 1940 because the British were unhappy with his work. Axis early victories. German troops in Paris after the fall of France. On 10 May, Germany, Belgium, Holland and Luxembourg and quickly defeated them by using tactics.

The British were forced to. On 10 June, Italy invaded France, declaring war on France and the United Kingdom.

Soon after that, France was divided into occupation zones. One was directly controlled by Germany and Italy, and the other was unoccupied. By June 1940, the Soviet Union moved its soldiers into the and took them, followed by in Romania. Although there had been some collaboration between the Soviet Union and Germany earlier, this event made it serious. Later, when the two could not agree to work more closely together, relationships between them became worse to the point of war.

Then Germany began an to prepare for, but the plan was finally canceled in September. The German Navy destroyed many British ships transporting goods in the Atlantic.

Italy, by this time, had begun its operation in the Mediterranean. The United States remained but started to help the Allies. By helping to protect British ships in the Atlantic, the United States found itself fighting German ships by October 1941 but this was not officially war. In September 1940, Italy began to invade British-held Egypt. In October, Italy invaded, but it only resulted in an Italian retreat to. Again, in early 1941, an Italian army was pushed from Egypt to Libya in Africa.

Germany soon helped Italy. Under 's command, by the end of April 1941, the Commonwealth army was pushed back to Egypt again. Other than North Africa, Germany also successfully invaded Greece, and by May. Despite these victories, Hitler decided to cancel the bombing of Britain after 11 May. At the same time, Japan's progress in China was still not much, although the nationalist and communist Chinese began fighting each other again. Japan was planning to take over European colonies in Asia while they were weak, and the Soviet Union could feel a danger from Germany, so a non-aggression pact (which was an agreement that both countries would not attack each other) between the two was signed in April 1941. However, Germany kept preparing an attack on the Soviet Union, moving its soldiers close to the Soviet border.

The war becomes global. The Axis in the Eastern Front: to 9 July 1941 to 1 September 1941 to 9 September 1941 (operations around Kiev) to 5 December 1941 On 22 June 1941, the European Axis countries. During the summer, the Axis quickly captured Ukraine and the Baltic regions, which caused huge damage to the Soviets. Britain and the Soviet Union formed a military alliance between them in July. Although there was great progress in the last two months, when winter arrived, the tired German army was forced to delay its attack.

It showed that the Axis had failed its main targets, while the Soviet army was still not weakened. This marked the end of the blitzkrieg stage of the war. By December, the Red Army facing the Axis army had received more soldiers from the east. It began a counter-attack that pushed the German army to the west. The Axis lost a lot of soldiers but it still saved most of the land it received before. By November 1941, the Commonwealth counter-attacked the Axis in North Africa and got all the land it lost before.

However, the Axis pushed the Allies back again until stopped at El Alamein. Burning after the. In Asia, German successes encouraged to call for oil supplies from the. Many Western countries reacted to the occupation of French Indochina by banning oil trading with Japan. Japan planned to take over European colonies in Asia to create a great defensive area in the Pacific so that it could get more resources. But before any future invasion, it first had to destroy the American Pacific Fleet in the.

On 7 December 1941, it as well as many harbors in several countries. This event led the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Western Allies and China to declare war on Japan, while the Soviet Union remained neutral. Most of the Axis nations reacted by declaring war on the United States. By April 1942, many South East Asian countries: Burma, Malaya, the Dutch East Indies and Singapore, had almost fallen to the Japanese. In May 1942, the fell. The Japanese navy had many quick victories.

But in June 1942, Japan was. Japan could not take more land after this because a large part of its navy was destroyed during the battle. Allies are advancing Japan then began its plan to take over again, while the United States planned to attack the. Began in September 1942 and involved a lot of troops and ships from both sides. It ended with the Japanese defeat in early 1943. Soviet soldiers in Stalingrad On the Eastern Front, the Axis defeated Soviet attacks during summer and began its own main offensive to southern Russia along and in June 1942, trying to take over in and a great.

Was in the path of the Axis army, and the Soviets decided to defend the city. By November the Germans had, however the Soviets were able to surround the Germans during winter After heavy losses, the German army was forced to surrender the city in February 1943. Even though the front was pushed back further than it was before the summer attacks, the German army still had become dangerous to an area around Kursk. British infantry attacks at In August 1942, because of the Allied defense at, the Axis army failed to take the town. A new, drove the Axis west across Libya a few months later, just after the Anglo-American invasion of French North Africa forced it to join the Allies. This led to Axis defeat in the May 1943.

In the Soviet Union, on 4 July 1943, Germany started an attack around Kursk. Many German soldiers were lost because of the Soviets' well-created defenses. Hitler canceled the attack before any clear outcome. The Soviets then started their own counter-attack, which was one of the turning points of the war. After this, the Soviets became the attacking force on the Eastern Front, instead of the Germans. On 9 July 1943, affected by the earlier Soviet victories, the Western Allies landed on. This resulted in the arrest of Mussolini in the same month.

History Of Second World War In Hindi Pdf

In September 1943, the Allies invaded mainland Italy, following the Italian with the Allies. Germany then took control of Italy and disarmed its army, and built up many defensive lines to slow the Allied invasion down. German special forces then rescued Mussolini, who then soon created the German-occupied,.

In early 1944, the Soviet army drove off the German army from Leningrad, ending the longest and deadliest in history. After that, the Soviets began a big counter-attack. By May, the Soviets had retaken.

With the attacks in Italy from September 1943, the Allies succeeded in capturing on 4 June 1944, and made the German forces fall back. The end in Europe. Montreal Daily Star: 'Germany Quit', 7 May 1945 On, 6 June 1944, the Allies began the. The code name for the invasion was. The invasion was successful, and led to the defeat of the German forces in France.

Paris was liberated on August 1944 and the Allies continued eastward while the German front collapsed. Operation Market-Garden was the combined aerial invasion of the Netherlands launched on 17 September 1944. The purpose of the invasion was to seize a series of bridges that included a bridge in Arnhem, which spanned the Rhine river. Market was the name for the airborne invasion. The ground invasion, named Garden, reached the Rhine river, but could not take the Arnhem bridge. On 22 June, the Soviet offensive on the Eastern Front, codenamed Operation Bagration, almost destroyed the German Army Group Centre. Soon after, the Germans were forced to retreat and defend Ukraine and Poland.

Arriving Soviet troops caused uprisings against the German government in Eastern European countries, but these failed to succeed unless helped by the Soviets. Another Soviet offensive forced Romania and Bulgaria to join the Allies. Communist Serbs under retook with some help from Bulgaria and the Soviet Union. By early 1945, the Soviets attacked many German-occupied countries: Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia and Hungary. Finland switched to the side of the Soviets and Allies.

A nuclear bomb over In the Pacific, American forces arrived in the Philippines on June 1944. And by April 1945, American and Philippine forces had cleared much of the Japanese forces, but the fighting continued in some parts of the Philippines until the end of the war. British and Chinese forces advanced in Northern Burma and captured by 3 May 1945.

American forces then took by March and by June 1945. Many Japanese cities were destroyed by Allied bombings, and Japanese imports were cut off by American submarines. The Allies wanted Japan to surrender with no terms, but Japan refused. This resulted in the United States dropping two over (6 August 1945) and (9 August 1945). On 8 August 1945, the Soviets invaded Manchuria, quickly defeating the primary there.

On 15 August 1945, Japan surrendered to the Allies. The surrender documents were formally signed on board the USS Missouri on 2 September 1945, ending the war. At the end The Allies managed to occupy Austria and Germany.

Germany was divided into western and eastern parts, under the Western Allies and Soviet control, respectively. The Allies began denazification, removing ideas from historyand most high-ranking Nazis were captured and brought to a.

Germany lost a quarter of the land it had in 1937, with the land given to Poland and the Soviet Union. The Soviets also took some parts of Poland and Finland, as well as three Baltic countries.

Military alliances in Europe after the war The was formed on 24 October 1945, to keep peace between countries in the world. However, the relationship between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union had worsened during the war and, soon after the war, each power quickly built up their power over controlled area. In Western Europe and, it was the United States, while in and Eastern Europe, it was the Soviet Union, in which many countries were turned into. The started after the formation of the American-led and the Soviet-led. In Asia, Japan was put under American occupation. In 1948, was divided into and, each claiming to be the legal representative of the Koreans, which led to the in 1950.

Continued from 1946 and resulted in the KMT retreating to in 1949. The communists won the mainland. In the, the Arab disagreement on the United Nations plan to create Israel marked the beginning of conflicts between the Arabs and Israel. Colonies around the world in 1945. However, many countries in Asia and Africa would become free later. After the war, took place in many European colonies.

Bad economies and people wanting to rule themselves were the main reasons for that. In most cases, it happened peacefully, except in some countries, such as Indochina and. In many regions, European withdrawal caused divisions among the people who had different. Economic recovery was different in many parts of the world. In general, it was quite positive.

The United States became richer than any other country and, by 1950, it had taken over the world's economy. It also ordered the (1948–1951) to help European countries. German, Italian, and French economies recovered. However, the British economy was badly harmed and continued to worsen for more than ten years.

The Soviet economy grew very fast after the war was over. This also happened with the Japanese economy, which became one of the largest economies in the 1980s.

China returned to the same production level as before the war by 1952. Effect Death and war crimes. There is no exact total number of deaths, because many were unrecorded. Many studies said that more than 60 million people died in the war, mostly civilians. The Soviet Union lost around 27 million people, almost half of the recorded number.

This means that 25% of the Soviets were killed or wounded in the war. About 85% of the total deaths were on the Allies side, and the other 15% were on the Axis. Mostly, people died because they were, bombed,. The Nazis killed many groups of people they selected, known as. They exterminated, and killed the, and other groups.

Around 11 to 17 million civilians died. Around 7.5 million people were killed in China by the Japanese. The most well-known Japanese crime is the, in which hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians were and. There were reports that the Germans and Japanese tested against civilians and. Although many of the Axis's crimes were brought to the first international court, crimes caused by the Allies were not.

Concentration camps and slave work. Polish civilians that would be sent to Germany for forced labor. Other than the Holocaust, about 12 million people, mostly Eastern Europeans, were forced to work for the German economy.

German and Soviet caused a lot of death. Both treated prisoners of war badly. This was even the case for Soviet soldiers who survived and returned home. Japanese prisoner-of-war camps, many of which were used as labour camps, also caused a lot of deaths. The death rate of Western prisoners was 27.1%, seven times that of prisoners under Germans and Italians. More than 10 million Chinese civilians were made slaves and had to work in mines and war factories.

Between 4 and 10 million people were forced to work in. Between 1942 and 1945, Roosevelt signed an order which made. Some Germans and Italians were included too. The Allies agreed that the Soviet Union could use prisoners of war and civilians for forced labor.

Hungarians were forced to work for the Soviet Union until 1955. Home fronts and production Before the war, in Europe, the Allies had a larger population and economy than the Axis. If colonies are included, the of the Allies then would be two times of that of the Axis. While in Asia, China had only 38% higher GDP than the Japanese if their colonies are counted. The Allies' economy and population compared with the Axis' lessened with the early Axis victories.

However, this was no longer the case after the United States and Soviet Union joined the Allies in 1941. The Allies were able to have a higher production level compared with the Axis because the Allies had more natural resources.

Also, Germany and Japan did not plan for a long war and had no ability to do so. Both tried to improve their economies by using slave laborers.

Women As men went off to fight, women took over many of the jobs they left behind. At factories, women were employed to make bombs, guns, aircraft, and other equipment. In Britain, thousands of women were sent to work on farms as part of the Land Army. Others formed the Women's Royal Naval Service to help with building and repairing ships. Even Princess Elizabeth, who later became, worked as a mechanic to aid the war effort.

By 1945 some weapons were made almost entirely by women. In the beginning, women were rarely used in the labour forces in Germany and Japan.

However, Allied bombings and Germany's change to a war economy made women take a greater part. In Britain, women also worked in gathering, at and other places.

The mass of children also had a major impact on the lives of mothers during the war years. Occupation Germany had two different ideas of how it would occupy countries. In Western, and, Germany set economic policies which would make it rich. During the war, these policies brought as much as 40% of total German income. In the East, the war with the Soviet Union meant Germany could not use the land to gain resources.

The Nazis used their racial policy and murdered a lot of people they thought non-human. The Resistance, the group of people who fought Germany secretly, could not harm the Nazis much until 1943. In Asia, Japan claimed to free colonised Asian countries from European colonial powers. Although they were welcomed at first in many territories, their cruel actions turned the opinions against them within a short time. During the occupation, Japan used 4 million of oil left behind by the Allies at the war's end. By 1943, it was able to produce up to 50 million barrels of oil in the.

This was 76% of its 1940 rate. Developments in technology. Heinkel He 178, the world's first turbojet-power aircraft. The war brought new methods for future wars. The air forces improved greatly in fields such as air transport, (to use bombs to destroy industry and ), as well as, and weapons for destroying aircraft. Were developed and would be used in worldwide air forces. At sea, the war focused on using and.

Aircraft carriers soon replaced. The important reason was they were cheaper.

Submarines, a deadly weapon since World War I, also played an important part in the war. The British improved weapons for destroying submarines, such as, while the Germans improved submarine tactics. The style of war on the land changed from World War I to be more moveable., which were used to support, changed to a primary weapon. The tank was improved in speed, and firepower during the war. At the start of the war, most commanders thought that using better tanks was the best way to fight enemy tanks. However, early tanks could harm armour just a little.

The German idea to avoid letting tanks fight one another meant tanks facing tanks rarely happened. This was a successful tactic used in Poland and France. Ways to destroy tanks also improved. Even though vehicles became more used in the war, infantry remained the main part of the army, and most like in World War I.

Became widely used. They were especially used in cities and jungles. The, a German development combining of the and, became the main weapon for most armies after the war. Other developments included better for secret messages, such as the German.

Another feature of military was the use of, especially by the Allies. Others include the first programmable, modern and, and the. Related pages Wikimedia Commons has media related to. Notes.