1. Civilization 5 Iso Full Bleeding

V Education Marine parks, zoos, and aquaria offer a wide variety of education programs, in-park graphics, exhibit narrations, behind-the-scenes tours, curriculum-specific programs for various age and grade levels from preschool through college, camp programs, classroom programs, off-site outreach programs, and, in the electronic age, satellite television and internet (worldwide web) offerings. In fact, US facilities holding marine mammals for public display are required by federal law to have an education program based on professional standards. The US Department of Commerce (1994) published, for reference purposes, the AZA's and Alliance's professionally accepted standards on which their members base their education and conservation programs.

The world we live in might be remarkably different if everyone could travel to the plains of Africa to view cheetahs ( Acinonyx jubatus) stalking their prey, to view diminutive Humboldt penguins ( Spheniscus humboldti) basking in the South American shorelines, or perhaps see meandering Florida manatees slowly grazing on vegetation along the coasts of the state of Florida. However, for most people around the planet, such encounters will never occur.

May 25, 2017. 5 Adventure Photographers Share Their Favorite Hiking Spots. By Feature Shoot. I am simply not able to pass a good image by, even if I'm bleeding. Image by Alex Brylov. For shooting, I always bring my full-frame DSLR with one wide-angle lens and one middle range fixed lens. The most important.

In a 1995 Roper poll, 87% of those who participated stated that their only opportunity to see wild animals came from visiting zoological facilities ( Roper Starch Worldwide, 1995). Harris Interactive, Inc. (Rochester, NY) www.harrisinteractive.com conducted a poll for the Alliance of Marine Mammal Parks and Aquariums (AMMPA) in 2005 ( AMMPA, 2005a). Results indicated that 97% of respondents agree that marine life parks, aquariums, and zoos play an important role in educating the public about marine mammals which they might not otherwise have the chance to see. AZA (2007b) recently completed a 3-year, nationwide study to determine the impact of marine life parks, zoos, and aquaria on the people that visit such facilities. The key results of this study were that visitors felt a stronger connection to the environment after visiting a zoological facility, visitors felt an enhanced public understanding and awareness of conservation issues facing animals in the wild, and overall visitors recognized the value and importance of modern of marine life parks, zoos, and aquaria in the fields of conservation education and animal welfare.

Given the fact that most people cannot afford the time and money of a jet-set lifestyle, zoological parks are vital links to connect mankind with the plethora of animals on the planet. Zoological parks alert people to the increasing threats these animals face. For example, because most people will not travel to view wild cheetahs in Africa, they may not see how these creatures are slaughtered for their hides, how Humboldt penguins are disappearing due to the mining of their guano (feces) deposits where they nest, or how Florida manatees are highly endangered thanks to an ever-increasing presence of humans in their habitat.

Zoological facilities may be entertaining, but education, research, and conservation are now cornerstones of major parks. The same Roper poll revealed that 92% of those surveyed agreed that zoological parks are vital educational resources. Although approximately 71% of the planet is covered by oceans, this realm and its inhabitants remain a mystery to a majority of people.

Marine life parks help (1) educate the public about the seas and (2) clear up long-rooted misconceptions about ocean animals. A prime example of this is how killer whales were perceived in the past and how they are viewed today. Some cultures, like aboriginal tribes of the Pacific Northwest, respected killer whales, although several major whaling countries feared these animals. Indeed, the name Orcinus is probably derived from Orcus, an ancient mythological Roman god of the netherworld—a reference to the ferocious reputation of this animal. In 1835, Hamilton wrote that the killer whale “ has the character of being exceedingly voracious and warlike. It devours an immense number of fishes of all sizes, when pressed by hunger, it is said to throw itself on every thing sic it meets with ” ( Hamilton, 1835).

In modern civilization, many still envisioned killer whales as terrifying threats to humans, with a 1973 United States Navy diving manual warning that killer whales “will attack human beings at every opportunity.” In the not too distant past, governments such as Japan, Greenland, Canada, and the United States sanctioned the use of lethal force to be used against killer whales. Killer whales were hunted for commercial use and despised by whalers who would “ often carry a rifle expressly for the Killer's benefit,” according to Bennett (1932) in his book “Whaling in Antarctica.” In 1961, a killer whale was displayed publicly for the first time in recent history, and afterward the perception of these animals began to change. Coupled with a growing environmental awareness in the 1960s, public sentiment rallied to protect cetaceans like killer whales from hunting. Cetaceans are now protected by various national laws and international agreements, and killer whales are generally perceived in a positive way thanks in part to the educational programs of zoological parks. Conservation programs are linked inextricably with both research and education programs. Zoos, aquaria, and marine parks that hold marine mammals can incorporate conservation messages (i.e., do not feed or swim with wild dolphins or manatees, proper field etiquette, and trash disposal) into static graphics and show and exhibit scripts and narrations, as well as in classroom programs and the electronic media. The American Zoo and Aquarium Association's annual report on conservation and science for the 1996–1997 biennium ( Hodskins, 1998) listed over 1200 conservation projects in which the AZA's 185 members were involved during that time.

A similar report for CY 2006 lists over 1800 conservation projects reported by 194 member institutions ( Association of Zoos and Aquariums, 2007b). Facility staff experienced in handling marine mammals can provide advice and assistance to field workers, and many of these institutions are actively involved in marine mammal stranding programs.

Facilities located near an endangered species’ habitat can assist with rescue and rehabilitation of sick or injured animals e.g., monk seals ( Monachus spp.) in Hawaii and the Mediterranean/eastern Atlantic, manatees in Florida, sea otters in Alaska and California, and Steller sea lions ( Eumetopias jubatus) in Canada and Alaska. No facility is large enough to handle a blue ( Balaenoptera musculus) or right whale ( Eubalaena spp.), although SeaWorld California had remarkable success with an orphan gray whale ( Eschrichtius robustus) calf ( Antrim et al., 1998). It may even be possible for facilities to start breeding colonies of severely endangered marine mammals e.g., the vaquita ( Phocoena sinus) if field conservation efforts prove inadequate. In addition, institutions can make direct monetary contributions to conservation programs and encourage their visitors to make their own contributions to bona fide programs.

5 Conclusions The encapsulation of the GBR in a marine park provided appropriate confirmation of the iconic significance of the Reef and acknowledged that it was worthy of extraordinary efforts to protect it as an entity. The creation of the GBRMP not only provided public recognition of the importance of the Reef but also facilitated considerable extra government support, including funding, for its research and management. Successes in controlling the threats that were prominent at the time, particularly mining, and had been influential in the initial justification for the Park, strengthened public confidence in the marine park concept. The declaration of the GBRMP and its acceptance as a major component of the national CAR system of MPAs resulted in very favourable international comparisons (for example, Agardy et al., 2003 ). The early successes of the management of the Park catalysed the rapid expansion of systems of marine parks throughout Australia and internationally that was unfortunately not accompanied by adequate analysis of the limitations of the park approach and its applicability to the GBR or other types of marine environments.

Recent declines in the health of the Reef within the GBRMP, Australia's most intensively managed marine park, have raised serious doubts over the level of protection that can be anticipated from marine parks as currently managed in Australia. Detail of the actual effectiveness of the protection of Australia's total marine environment being provided throughout the NRSMPA has been concealed by the lack of appropriate performance indicators and a bias towards uncritical acceptance that the declaration of more and bigger parks is automatically a net benefit.

However, the ineffectiveness of the approach has been exposed by the progressively obvious results of failing to address the suite of threats to the GBR ( Brodie and Waterhouse, 2012; De'ath et al., 2012; UNESCO, 2013, 2014 ). It is apparent that the cause of this ineffectiveness is not unique to the GBRMPA; it is common to the whole of Australia's marine parks management process.

While it is reasonable to assume that the condition of the Reef would be considerably worse if those management actions taken under the auspices of the GBRMPA had not been initiated, the continued deterioration in the health of the Reef confirms that the creation of the Park has not resulted in the GBR being adequately protected. The limitations of the declaration of a marine park where disproportionate priority is given to closure of parts of it to fishing at the expense of managing more insidious threats are becoming obvious. There have been considerable benefits from the GBRMP to non-extractive users resulting from the preferential access to extensive areas that has effectively been allocated to them by fishing closures. But these allocation benefits have not been matched by conservation outcomes; the health of the Reef continues to decline. The benefits to fisheries that were predicted to come from closure of extensive additional areas of the GBRMP in 2004 did not materialise; total fisheries production in the GBR region has been reported to have fallen in proportion to the amount of area closed.

This result, in combination with the continued declines in the health of the Reef, has exposed overly optimistic scientific advice to governments. Similar uncritical optimism has been a feature of the NRSMPA process.

The process has been further confused by Australia striving to surpass international commitments to marine parks and allowing international NGO campaigns to confuse and misdirect public appreciation of marine conservation and resource use issues. The limitations of the process of zoning have been masked to a large degree by uncritical presumption that the elevated abundance and size of individuals of selected species in fishing closures represent conservation and fisheries outcomes that justify the use of zoning of fishing as the primary management process. The continued decline in the GBR confirms the need for more timely and direct indicators of the health of marine ecosystems and for management of marine environments that more directly addresses threats. The lack of precisely defined objectives for marine parks and the zones within and the associated lack of appropriate and binding performance indicators have continued to mask the inadequacy of marine conservation outcomes throughout Australia. However, the declining health of the GBRMP, the flagship of Australia's marine parks, is increasingly exposing the weaknesses in the broader strategy. Hopefully, more thorough evaluation of protection of the GBR may once again see management of the Reef as the catalyst for change in marine conservation and resource use policies! Tools for Flow Cytometry–Based Leukocyte Phenotyping Establishment of routine bleeding programs in many marine parks has provided a window for advancing the science of clinical immunology in cetacean species.

Successes enjoyed in human medicine, which have used analytic flow cytometry to identify perturbations in blood leukocytes, formulate prognoses, and evaluate the efficacy of treatment modalities, has logically inspired the initiation of similar approaches in veterinary medicine. Application of flow cytometry to zoo and free-ranging nondomestic species is limited in part by the paucity of monoclonal antibodies specific for leukocyte differentiation antigens; the great majority of antibodies developed for human, murine, and domestic mammals are species-specific and thus of limited use in comparative medicine. On a positive note, reagents developed for canine, feline, equine, and bovine species often cross-react with members in their greater families. Toothed whales (suborder Odontoceti, order Cetacea), which are the primary focus of this chapter, have no close relatives in the world of domestic mammals, and thus limited immunologic reagents are available to assess perturbations in leukocyte phenotype. Given their monetary value, high visibility, and ongoing training programs directed at establishing voluntary fluke presentation for blood collection, efforts were successfully initiated to develop monoclonal antibodies specific for dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and killer whale (Orcinus orca) leukocyte differentiation antigens, 1-3 referred to in the literature as CD antigens; select monoclonal antibodies previously developed for equine 8 and bovine 5,11 species were also tested for cross-reactivity. A summary of these antibodies and their leukocyte differentiation antigen specificities, if known, are given in Table 63-1. Introduction Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a regulatory tool for conserving the natural or cultural resources of the ocean and for managing human uses through zoning.

MPAs may also be referred to as marine parks, sanctuaries, reserves, or closures; the latter two terms are used most commonly in the context of fisheries management. Definition At a conceptual level, zoning in the ocean involves the spatial segregation of a marine area in which certain uses are regulated or prohibited. This general definition might apply to any marine area in which a set of human uses are given preference over others. For example, by law the US President may set aside hydrocarbon deposits on the US outer Continental Shelf as ‘petroleum reserves.’ However, the typical use of the term ‘protected’ implies that a primary focus of an MPA is on the conservation of either individual species and their habitats or ecological systems and functions through the regulation of ‘extractive’ or potentially polluting commercial uses, such as fishery harvests, waste disposal, and mineral development, among others.

MPAs are frequently considered to be a fishery management measure, but they may be used for other purposes as well. For instance, in 1975, the first US national marine sanctuary was created around the wreck of the U.S.S. Monitor, a civil war vessel, located off the coast of North Carolina. The sanctuary was established to prevent commercial ‘treasure’ salvage and looting of the shipwreck, to regulate recreational diving, and to promote archaeological studies. In the discussion below, we focus on the use of MPAs in the field of fishery management because this use represents one of the most relevant and interesting examples.

Size Although there is no discernible size limitation, the issue of geographic scale may be another defining characteristic of MPAs. On the tidelands of US coastal states, for example, the ‘public trust doctrine’ gives preference in the common law to transitory public uses, typically navigation, fishing, and hunting, over permanent private uses, such as constructing a dock. Yet the tidelands, which are quite extensive, are not referred to as an MPA. Some fishery closures can be quite large, and we would classify these as one type of MPA. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia is the largest MPA in the world, measuring 344 million km 2.

Most of the world's existing MPAs are much smaller, however, and focused on unique ocean features or sites, such as coral reefs or underwater banks. The World Bank estimates the median size of a sample of about one thousand of the world's MPAs to be 15 840 km 2 ( Figure 1). Number Worldwide, MPAs have become a popular form of ocean management, and their use has expanded exponentially since they were first introduced in the late nineteenth century ( Figure 2). The trend in the establishment of MPAs follows on the heels of a more general trend in the regulation of ocean uses, as an MPA represents merely a form of governance distinguishable geographically by type or severity of regulation. Regulation of the ocean has become necessary as human uses of the ocean have increased in scale and variety and as conflicts among mutually exclusive uses and users have arisen.

With the expansion in the establishment of MPAs, marine scientists and policy experts have begun to take a closer look at the likely benefits and opportunity costs associated with zoning the ocean, and several recent studies have emerged. In particular, as ecological models of the marine environment become more realistic, marine policy analysts can begin to make more sophisticated examinations of how to choose among competing human uses, given the constraints presented by the natural system. Urine Urine sampling is similar to fecal sampling, but is more common in captive animal studies. Captive animals can be trained using positive reinforcement techniques to urinate on cue as is done for captive dolphins in marine parks. The researcher can also line the bottom of enclosures to catch the urine whenever the animal urinates, making this approach very noninvasive with many of the same benefits as of fecal sampling. Unlike fecal sampling, the animal must usually be captive and/or present for the researcher to collect a urine sample. Researchers usually analyze urinary hormones per ml creatinine to control for differences in urinary excretion rates.

Some hormones that can be measured in urine include androgens, estrogens, progestins, glucocorticoids, aldosterone, catecholamine metabolites, and leutinizing hormone. Abstract This chapter summarizes the findings of a study of the diversity and distribution of three groups of marine macrofauna—scleractinian corals, molluscs and echinoderms—of Rutland Island, which is located in Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (ANI), India.

Being one of the most diverse oceanic island groups, the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago harbors a wide number of ecosystems from the intertidal areas to the deep sea zone on its continental shelf and adjoining coastal zone. Scleractinian corals, molluscs and echinoderms are found to be the most productive and valuable interlinking marine macrobenthos for the reef ecosystem of the islands. The ecological, biological and economic magnitudes of these communities are very high on account of their valuable contribution to the ecological balance in the marine environment. The present study reported that 62.40 percent of the scleratinian corals of the ANI were found in Rutland Island with a very high diversity (H’ = 4.10) which implies the role of biogenic habitat as its sustainable parameters.

A total of 130 species of mollusca (H’ = 3.38) were reported from the continental shelf areas of Rutland Island, which contribute 11.33 percent of the total mollusca found in ANI. Coral reef, seagrass, sandy beaches and rocky intertidal areas of Rutland harbor 24.23 percent of echinoderms (H’ = 3.53). 7.2.1 Australia Coinciding with international discussions and negotiations regarding MPAs in the CCAMLR region, individual States other than the United Kingdom have been undertaking their own measures for marine protection in their Antarctic Territories. Australia designated the Macquarie Island Marine Park in 2001 (now the Macquarie Island Commonwealth Marine Reserve) with a management plan covering the period 2001–2008, now superseded by the South East Commonwealth Marine Reserves Network Management Plan 2013–2023 ( Director of National Parks, 2013 ).

The island was declared a World Heritage site under Criteria 7 and 8, and the Marine Park comprises a Sanctuary Zone (IUCN Cat. The Sanctuary Zone covers an area of 5.8 million hectares and extends in a south easterly direction from the coasts of Macquarie Island to the edge of the EEZ, including a portion of the Macquarie Ridge ( Commonwealth of Australia, 2001). The area is flanked by two Habitat Protection Zones (IUCN Cat. IV), covering 7.7 million hectares, although fishing is still allowed within these zones. The waters out to 12 nm are part of the Macquarie Island Nature Reserve. The strategic objectives of the Macquarie Island Marine Park were to protect the conservation values of the south-eastern portion of the Macquarie Island Region including protecting the migratory, feeding and breeding ranges of marine mammals and seabirds; threatened species that depend on the area; and the unique benthic habitat ( Commonwealth of Australia, 2001). Australia also designated the Heard Island and Macdonald Island Marine Reserve in 2002 ( Environment Australia, 2002), which included listing the islands as World Heritage sites under Criteria 8 and 9.

This reserve comprises a 12-mile exclusion zone plus a 1 km buffer zone to fishing around the islands as well as three large areas extending out to the edge of the EEZ in which fishing is also prohibited. 9 IUCN Red List Status Justification The only available population trend estimate for S. Chinensis is an estimated 2.46% annual decline in the size of the population in HK/PRE ( Huang et al., 2012 ), where there are a number of marine parks that have been established or proposed for dolphin protection, and where the Hong Kong authorities have put more effort into impact assessment and management than in any other part of the species’ range ( Jefferson et al., 2009).

The situation elsewhere appears to be more dire, with fisheries bycatch being a nearly universal threat and much less attention being paid to establishing conservation measures for the species. It is therefore not unreasonable to assume a population reduction of at least 3.7% per annum, which as detailed above would lead to a 30% decline in abundance over three generations over most of the species’ range, due to known incidental mortality from intensive fishing effort using entangling gears, and ongoing habitat loss and degradation due to coastal development. Vessel collisions and environmental contamination appear to be factors as well, in at least some parts of the range. The above inference is supported in several areas by direct and/or indirect evidence, including documentation of bycatch, the intensive use of gillnets and other fishing gears known to entangle small cetaceans, interviews with fishermen who use entangling gears, and the abandonment of areas of previous occupancy ( Xu et al., 2015). The Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin therefore qualifies for Vulnerable A4cd, based on an inferred population size reduction, where subcriterion c is interpreted as quality of habitat, and subcriterion d (actual or potential levels of exploitation) includes fisheries bycatch. We can infer a population reduction of greater than or equal to 30% over three generations (75 years), from approximately 1960 in the past to 2035 in the future. This takes into account that the main causes of the suspected/inferred decline in population size, bycatch, and habitat destruction/degradation, have not ceased and are not well understood throughout most of the species’ range.

Other than in Hong Kong (and to a lesser extent Taiwan), there have been virtually no real conservation actions taken to address these threats, and available evidence suggests that they will continue and may even escalate in the future. The assessment of S. Chinensis as Vulnerable based on criterion A4cd applies, regardless of whether or not the Bangladesh/eastern India animals are included, because it is based on population trends, rather than absolute numbers or a declining range. Technical Reports and Other Documents Round table dialogue No. Malaysian Standards 1. MS ISO, Nomenclature – Specification for a nomenclature system for medical devices for the purpose of regulatory data exchange 2.

MS ISO 10993-1:2005, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 1: Evaluation and testing 3. MS ISO 10993-3:2005, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 3: Tests for genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity 4. MS ISO 109, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 13: Identification and quantification of degradation products from polymeric medical devices 5. MS ISO 109, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 14: Identification and quantification of degradation products from ceramics 6. MS ISO 109, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 15: Identification and quantification of degradation of products from metals and alloys 7. MS ISO 109, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 16: Toxicokinetic study design for degradation products and leachables 8. MS ISO 109, Biological evaluation of medical devices – Part 17: Establishment of allowable limits for leachable substances.

343 Guilty Spark Biographical information Began service: c. Gender: Male Description: Floating, round-edged cube, with one 'eye' sign that is blue by default Color(s): Blue illuminations with silver casing Political and military information Affiliation: Functionality: of and its ' Last time, asked me, if it was my choice, would I do it? Having had considerable time to ponder your query, my answer has not changed. There is no choice. We must activate.' — Guilty Spark to. 04-343 Guilty Spark, initially known as Monitor Chakas and known to the Covenant as 'the Oracle', is a that was originally tasked with maintaining.

Originally an known as, Guilty Spark played an important role in the ancient, as well as the modern-day, the uprising within the Covenant, and the events that transpired on the Ark during the. Contents. Biography Creation Prior to the end of the, 343 Guilty Spark was created from the mind of a human named.

Born on, Chakas unwillingly became involved in the Forerunners' schemes, which eventually brought him to, a Halo under the control of the rampant AI which had defected to the. Chakas' traumatic experiences on Installation 07, specifically his encounters with Mendicant Bias and the, brought him to the point of mental breakdown and left his physical body mortally injured. After retaking the Halo, the, in an apparent act of compassion, decided to salvage Chakas' mind by transferring his pattern—including his personality and the complete record of his physical body—into the shell of a monitor. Numerous archived personalities retrieved by after the as well as other data pertaining to the 's work were also uploaded into his memory.

The monitor known as Chakas was then assigned to serve as a record-keeper and aide for the Librarian. He wished to look after the human populations on the; this request was granted by the Librarian, who saw this as part of his recovery and a reward for his service. Forerunner-Flood war At one point, Chakas oversaw the construction of the outbreak management systems of the within over. When the Flood the in the final days of the Forerunner-Flood war, the Librarian asked Chakas to save as many of her specimens as possible.

He attempted to get help from other monitors but they were busy with the attack. The Librarian ordered him to take a to. Here he witnessed the use a on the human population, composing hundreds of thousands of men, women, and children. The Librarian was initially grief-stricken, but soon was able to tell Chakas he had to find the and go to the and hide the remaining specimens there.

Following the Librarian's instructions, Chakas located the IsoDidact and saved him and from the disintegrating Omega Halo. Using coordinates provided by the IsoDidact, he took his Gargantua-class transport through the 's secret to Installation 00. Halo ' My galaxy is dead. I am machine. I am 343 Guilty Spark. I have never understood Forerunners. And they will never understand me.

— Guilty Spark reflects on his nature as the Halo Array fires. Preceding the Halo Array's distribution across the galaxy, Chakas was commanded by the to abandon all connection with his former station. As the installation monitors were being given their new assignments aboard a Lifeworker vessel stationed over the lesser Ark, the IsoDidact met with Chakas for one final time and the two had a brief conversation before they parted ways. It was also here that the installation monitors received their final names, with Chakas being assigned the name 343 Guilty Spark by the IsoDidact. The IsoDidact asked Chakas if he would fire the rings, were it his decision; Chakas remained silent, but would continue to ponder the Didact's question for the millennia to come. Over a hundred thousand years later, Spark would cite this query to, whom he had evidently mistaken for the IsoDidact. From that point forward, Spark became the designated guardian and custodian of Installation 04.

When the Array was activated, with Installation 04 being the first to fire, Spark received a signal from a nascent, previously-unknown civilization broadcasting its first transmission into deep space, and was saddened by the realization that they would be wiped out before they even had the chance to travel to the stars and make contact with other beings. At the same time, large portions of Spark's memory were automatically suppressed for the sake of compartmentalization as a precaution in the event the Flood and its ancilla-corrupting were to resurface. This caused him to forget much of his past life aside from the knowledge required in his duties as caretaker of Installation 04. Intermediate period. Spark brooding over a desolate cliff on Installation 04.

Am I the only intelligence left? Waiting here on this ring for a rebirth never truly conceived. Guarding a weapon with no targets.

A weapon I can tune to any target.' — 343 Guilty Spark lamenting his loneliness and isolation during his prolonged post as Installation 04's caretaker. After the firing of the Halo Array as a last resort against the Flood, 343 Guilty Spark was alone in a galaxy void of sentient life.

During the eons he spent monitoring Installation 04, he began to display signs of due to crippling loneliness, especially after communications with the other Installations had ceased. During his unintentional exile, he would begin to recollect his time spent with the Forerunner, their war with the, decisions they made, and decisions he believed they should have made. During this time, Guilty Spark's mind fragmented considerably, becoming split among many separate personality-streams, partly in an attempt to contain and forestall the development of rampancy. After two cycles of hibernation, Spark found that he had become bored; something he had not believed he, as a monitor, was capable of. Aware of the involved with losing operational focus, Spark began to divert his attention elsewhere. For his own amusement, he began experimenting on his Installation, ejecting entire sections of matter from the ring's surface into space, intending to later rebuild them.

Alien encounters Circa, an crash-landed in Installation 04's. Though anxious to find answers for whether the Forerunners' plan to reseed life in the galaxy had been successful, Spark acted in accordance with protocol, blocking the distress signal sent out by the ship and not attempting to make contact with any possible occupants. No lifeforms exited the wreckage and the distress signal eventually terminated, offering Spark no answers.

Afterwards, the monitor had a containment sarcophagus constructed around the ship. Disappointed by his failure to learn about the outside galaxy, Spark resolved to be more flexible in his adherence to protocol should outside life ever encounter his ring again. During his long isolation, Spark had little to no contact with other intelligent beings, and spent most of his time maintaining his installation. However, over time, Spark observed one or more spacefaring species visit Installation 04. These species landed on and explored the ring, recorded their findings and eventually left without breaching Flood containment.

These interactions did not please Spark, leading to him threaten anything that came near the installation. By the time the ring was rediscovered by UNSC and Covenant forces, 343 Guilty Spark had been present on Installation 04 for 101,217 'local years', and during that time had conducted over one trillion simulated, and one actual firing of the installation. Flood outbreak. 343 Guilty Spark in ’s, along with and. Containment protocols appear to have been violated.' — 343 Guilty Spark After over one hundred thousand years without a major incident, Spark was faced with a crisis when the discovered Installation 04, pursued by the Covenant. Fearing a containment breach, Spark warned the ship to jump at least one light-year away from the Installation or be destroyed.

After remotely accessing the ship's systems, however, Spark realized that the ship was manned by after finding data on human history. He then deactivated the ring's defensive systems and instructed the ship to a docking facility - the Autumn crash-landed on the ringworld shortly afterwards. During the subsequent UNSC-Covenant guerrilla war, Covenant troops stumbled upon a, and after unwittingly deactivating the structure's containment measures, they unleashed the long-dormant that had been stored inside. As per his protocols, Spark began to search for a Reclaimer to activate the installation, and came upon UNSC. Using the Installation's, Spark brought Mobuto to the in an effort to retrieve the Activation Index.

Ultimately, the ill-equipped Marine was overwhelmed and killed by the Flood, forcing the Monitor to seek out another Reclaimer. Spark and a squad of moved to the Flood containment facility, where they encountered a group of UNSC and, who were battling the Flood outbreak. The Monitor recruited the for his purposes, who he quickly to the Library and began guiding to the Index. With superior equipment and training, and despite overwhelming odds, this second Reclaimer succeeded in retrieving the Index. Taking the Index for safe keeping, Guilty Spark teleported himself and the Master Chief back to the. The Monitor explained that activation protocols forbid him from personally uniting the Index with the Core to activate the ring; only a Reclaimer could be permitted to do so.

Spark gave John the Index, and urged him to activate the Installation. However, appeared and took the Index before it could merge with the Core, and explained to the Spartan Halo's true. Spark confirmed this information, claiming that he had believed the Master Chief to have been fully aware of his role and responsibility as a Reclaimer. With the Index in the possession of a hostile and protected by a now uncooperative Reclaimer, the Monitor turned the Sentinels against the Master Chief in order to retrieve the Index.

John-117 and Cortana escaped with the Index, with Spark and his Sentinels in pursuit. During their escape through the Control Room's adjacent tunnels, Master Chief disabled the three, forcing their repair and delaying the Installation from firing in the near future. Disappointed, the Monitor followed John-117 and Cortana to the, which they planned to detonate in order to destroy the ring. Intrigued by the abundance of knowledge within the ship's data banks, Spark briefly put aside his concerns for the Installation and began downloading information from the Autumn's computers, being especially interested in the sections pertaining to human history. He then disabled the vessel's automated self-destruct system to preserve the repository of knowledge he had discovered. Although the warship's engineering room was protected by many Sentinels, the Master Chief was successful in destabilizing the power cores. Realizing the implications of the ship's destruction, the Monitor immediately fled the doomed ring.

Moments before the ring was destroyed, the Monitor consoled himself by asserting that he had done his utmost to fulfill his responsibilities. Later upon further reflection, when he was floating through space, Guilty Spark found himself happy as, ultimately, his purpose had been fulfilled: the Reclaimer had indeed succeeded in stopping the outbreak, even if it had been done in an 'inelegant' fashion. Post-outbreak. 343 Guilty Spark discusses Halo's true purpose with. I believe I see assistance approaching.'

— 343 Guilty Spark After Halo's destruction, Spark escaped into space, reflecting upon what had happened to both himself and his Installation. He then traveled to a Forerunner in 's atmosphere, whose refitting as a he had overseen eons past. There, he encountered a Covenant artifact retrieval group led.

After a brief confrontation with several members of the lower castes of the Covenant, a Sangheili recognized him as an 'Oracle' and took him to their leader. Spark then proceeded to educate these soldiers about the true purpose of Forerunner creations, including the Halo rings. Exposed to the truth, Sesa 'Refumee took a new, critical view on the and, gathering other similarly minded and, founded a new sect that denounced the and their Great Journey as false. Setting up a base in the gas mine over Threshold, the group would soon be branded as 'heretics' by the Hierarchs.

Such a state of affairs could not be tolerated for long by the Covenant and soon action was taken to eliminate the Heretics. This was accomplished quickly and quietly by the and a team of special operations troops. In the aftermath, Guilty Spark was captured by and given to the Prophets aboard. 343 Guilty Spark held aboard High Charity as Thel 'Vadamee and the Prophets discuss the. Interrogated by the, Guilty Spark revealed the nature of the Installations and the means to employ them, which made the Prophets send the Arbiter to retrieve 's 'Sacred Icon'.

After it had been obtained, Tartarus took Guilty Spark and the Index to Installation 05’s, using as the new Reclaimer. However, Tartarus grew tired of Guilty Spark's constant warnings. When the Arbiter and arrived to deactivate the ring, they first questioned Guilty Spark, hoping that his status as Oracle could sway Tartarus to halt its firing. However, the were too loyal to the Prophets to accept the truth that the Halos were weapons of mass destruction.

343 Guilty Spark escaped Tartarus' clutches and observed the ensuing struggle, reminded of the one he had witnessed on the Pillar of Autumn. Keyes, Johnson, and Spark in Delta Halo's control room. After and his were killed, the control panel for the Installation began to show a holographic display. 343 Guilty Spark translated the display to Johnson, Miranda Keyes, and the Arbiter: the rings were now on standby, meaning they could be activated simultaneously from. The Arbiter asked Spark where it was, and he provided them with coordinates to where he believed it to be located; unbeknownst to him, it turned out to be, the human homeworld. Later that day, Spark and his allies rendezvoused with and the newly-formed.

Civilization 5 Iso Full Bleeding

Together, they formulated a plan for sterilization and quarantine. While the Arbiter, Keyes, and Johnson left Delta Halo for Earth, Spark remained behind to help coordinate containment efforts with 'Vadum and the fleet. On November 4, they, along with any friendly Elite ships would begin a campaign to cauterize the surface of the ring, destroying anything that attempted to slip away. At some point during the blockade, a single escaped containment and headed for Earth. Spark joined part of the fleet as it gave chase.

Earth and the Ark. 343 Guilty Spark meets John-117 again in a Flood infested.: ' On Halo, you tried to kill. You tried to kill me.'

343 Guilty Spark: ' Protocol dictated my response. She had the activation Index, and you were going to destroy my installation. You did destroy my installation. Now I have only one function: to help you, Reclaimer, as I always should have done.' — Conversation between John-117 and 343 Guilty Spark. On November 17, Spark and the Fleet of Retribution arrived over the town of, minutes after the infested cruiser crash-landed there.

The Elites believed that the Flood vessel contained Cortana, last seen trapped on High Charity with the. As Master Chief recovered the data module that stored her, Spark arrived in time to assist, destroying a Combat Form about to attack the SPARTAN and attempting to begin repairs on the unstable module. After a tense exchange between the two, they put aside their past and proceeded to bring the device back to their ship, where Spark completed his repairs.

It turned out the device did not contain Cortana, but was merely a storing a holographic message from the AI. In her message, she claimed she had discovered a way to stop the Flood without activating the other Halo rings. In order to discover the answer, the Chief, Johnson, Keyes and the Arbiter, along with Covenant separatist forces traveled through the recently-opened; Spark joined them. The fleet followed the Covenant forces through the portal, and arrived at - the real Ark.

Largely unaware of the details of the Ark due to the compartmentalization protocols limiting his data stores, Spark aided the Reclaimers in their exploration of the Ark with enthusiasm. Spark's attempts to gain further access to the Ark's systems, however, prompted a response from the installation's, which threatened Guilty Spark with lethal force if he persisted.

Searching for 's location, the Sangheili located the Installation's. Spark followed the Chief and the Arbiter's platoons to penetrate the wall protecting the location, opening doors and providing Sentinels as backup for the assault. Once the Cartographer was found, Spark used the map system to pinpoint the Prophet of Truth's location, but noted that the location was shielded by an energy barrier. At that moment, a loyalist Phantom arrived, driving the trio back deeper into the hallways. Spark led them towards Johnson's location a few floors below. After the reunion, Johnson was nervous at the sudden appearance of hundreds of Sentinels, but Spark reassured him they meant no harm and were part of a primary task force, although he couldn't discern their goal.

UNSC and Sangheili forces moved to disable the shield barrier protecting Truth. However, as soon as the barrier was taken down, High Charity suddenly transitioned out of Slipspace above the area, nearly destroying Rtas 'Vadum's ship, and peppered the Ark with Flood dispersal pods and flaming debris.

Terrified of a complete Flood takeover, Spark insisted that they focus their attention on the Flood. He was met with opposition from Keyes and the Sangheili leaders, who made it clear that their first priority was to kill Truth before dealing with the parasite. Once the Prophet of Truth was dead and the threat of the Halo Array neutralized, the Flood began their infestation of the Ark under the command of the Gravemind.

Spark met with the Arbiter and the Master Chief after their initial escape, and discovered that the Ark had been constructing to replace Installation 04. John stated that he planned to fire the ring, and Spark happily set about preparing the ring for its firing. After rescuing Cortana from the Flood-infested High Charity, Master Chief, the Arbiter and Johnson landed on the newly constructed Halo.

Spark aided their progress through the Installation by providing Sentinels to combat the Flood. Once the initial wave of Combat and were destroyed, Spark opened the main blast door to the Control Room. Return to Halo. 343 Guilty Spark mortally wounds in order to ensure the survival of the soon-to-be completed Halo, and the Ark. ' Unacceptable!

That is absolutely unacceptable! Protocol dictates action! I see now that helping you was wrong! You are a child of my makers; inheritor of all they left behind. You are Forerunner, but this ring. — 343 Guilty Spark turns on John-117 for the second time. Spark was reunited with the Chief along with Johnson and the Arbiter in the new Installation 04's control room, where he informed them that the ring was almost complete, but not yet ready to fire.

However, despite Spark's panicked warnings that a premature activation would result in the destruction of the Ark (and, more importantly to Spark, the new Halo ring), Johnson ignored him, determined to destroy the Gravemind and the Flood once and for all. Unable to accept that his new installation was about to be destroyed, an enraged Spark fired upon Johnson as he attempted to activate the ring, mortally wounding him. Seeing John run towards his fallen comrade, the Monitor then fired upon him and the Arbiter, knocking the Arbiter out of the room and sealing the door behind him. The Master Chief was left to face the Monitor alone. With the Chief wounded and his shields down, Spark declared that he would stop at nothing to follow protocol and ensure the safety of the ring and the Ark. The Chief engaged Spark in combat, but was unable to damage the Monitor's housing.

Johnson, burned and bleeding but still conscious, used his to damage Spark before he could kill John, cracking the AI's protective casing. Johnson then gave his weapon to Spartan. Spark began to malfunction ever more erratically as the battle progressed, and after three more blasts from the Spartan Laser, he finally lost all structural integrity and exploded.

Post Human-Covenant War recovery Spark was not completely destroyed, however. In late, the UNSC detected a transmission from the ruins of and deployed the from to conduct a further investigation. A recovered an extremely damaged armature, believed by the team to be the source of the signal picked up by the initial investigative group. The device was actually the broken, barely active remains of 343 Guilty Spark. After properly calibrating their AI translator, the human team began to interrogate Spark, hoping to gain insight into the ancient human-Forerunner relations and the Didact.

Spark, acknowledging the humans as 'the true Reclaimers' and claiming that his duty was to eventually testify to Reclaimers when given the opportunity, proceeded to describe the events that led to his former human self becoming a monitor. Over the course of his narrative, he constantly accessed the ship's information stores, breaching the firewalls without effort, much to the ONI team's dismay.

As a result of the extensive damage he had sustained, Spark's memory was heavily splintered and barely functional; for example, he was unable to remember many of the preceding events, only learning of his recent interactions with the humans after tapping into their records. Spark explained that his mind had fragmented into a number of different identities over time and the incarnation previously encountered by the UNSC was merely one of his many selves. Large portions of information hidden from him after his assignment to Installation 04 had also been restored, allowing him to recount many of the details which had once been suppressed in the compartmentalization process. After Spark had finished his story, his robotic shell finally powered down and was jettisoned into space by order of the ONI team commander. Before this, however, he had successfully managed to upload his data stream into the ship's computers, disabled its AI, and took full control of the vessel. Having come to the conclusion that the Librarian was alive as a result of long study, and that he had need for the ship and its crew, Spark put them to sleep and set course to where he believed the Librarian could be found. Personality and traits ' Clearly, in my thoughts-in truth-this monitor is much more than a machine.'

— The on Guilty Spark. Over the eons spent monitoring in solitude, 343 Guilty Spark longed for a companion to combat his loneliness, and to help him stay focused on his duties in the wake of early. After a hundred thousand years of isolation, 343 Guilty Spark was quirky, detached and analytical. For Spark, protocol dictated all; the slight emotion he showed for the death of an ally was truly grief only for the inconvenience of finding another to assist him. While he gladly assisted those who requested his help, if his allies decided to prevent him from completing necessary actions - such as the firing of his ring - he would turn on them without hesitation and dispatch them with lethal force. Tens of thousands of years of monotonous duty spent monitoring his installation and waiting for a Reclaimer appeared to have had a significant effect on the Monitor's sanity.

Spark showed many characteristics of rampancy. He loved to learn and to take records, even in the face of his installation's imminent destruction; accessing the Pillar of Autumn's shipboard databases, he was intensely fascinated about finally having access to human history up until that point, referring to the record as 'all of our lost time.' He also showed other odd behaviors such as humming and singing. Typically, he was also untroubled with matters of life or death.

When Sesa 'Refumee and Tartarus were killed by the Arbiter, he appeared casual, although he was remorseful when Sesa 'Refumee was killed. Spark's detachment resulted in a tendency of rarely giving more information than he had to. For example, on Installation 04 he merely told John-117 that activating the ring would stop the Flood, neglecting the portion about how all life in range of the ring would be wiped out to do so (although he may have been genuinely unaware that the Master Chief was completely oblivious to any of this, assuming the Spartan to be the ). Likewise, he did not tell the High Prophets that the ring was a weapon when asked about the location of Installation 05's Index, only telling that truth to the Covenant when asked directly by the Arbiter.

While bound by protocol, Guilty Spark seemed to genuinely enjoy the prospect of firing the Halo Array, unlike his fellow Monitors such as. Although created from the essence of, 343 Guilty Spark became his own entity after his conversion into a monitor, often referring to his past human self as a separate being despite retaining Chakas' memories. This was the result of a number of factors, including the combined wisdom of the numerous human essences stored within his reborn self, the immense amounts of added knowledge and programming to enable him to effectively perform his duties, as well as the mental trauma Chakas suffered in his human form; he himself stated that he 'went mad'. The suppression of most of his memories and knowledge upon his assignment to Installation 04 in the name of compartmentalization further diverged him from his original self, in addition to his primary personality array splintering to numerous fragments over tens of thousands of years. However, many of his ancient memories from prior to his post at Alpha Halo resurfaced after his physical shell was severely damaged and subsequently reactivated by a UNSC science team for interrogation; thus, this entity was closer to his original persona of Monitor Chakas than his previously-encountered incarnation hamstrung by compartmentalization protocols. 343 Guilty Spark revealing the Ark's purpose.

As a Forerunner AI, 343 Guilty Spark possesses highly advanced abilities with electronic systems; even in his highly reduced, damaged state, he was capable of effortlessly breaching the numerous firewalls and other safeties of the, a highly secure ONI vessel. In the conclusion of the interrogation, he subdued the ship's AI and took complete control of the ship, having uploaded his data stream into the ship without the crew initially noticing. As with and artificial intelligences, Guilty Spark's programming prohibited him from carrying out certain actions. He cannot, for example, retrieve the from the or use it to activate Installation 04, instead requiring a to carry out this task. Spark's protocol bound him only to contain a Flood outbreak from Installation 04, so when Installation 04 was destroyed, his directives were also terminated. This means that he no longer had a priority prescribing his actions concerning the Flood - he was free to make choices concerning the Flood, as he did on Installation 05 when he assisted in the deactivation of its firing sequence, risking the containment of a Flood outbreak.

According to Spark, the loss of his ring left him with only one purpose: to aid the Chief as a Reclaimer, which Spark admitted was something he should have done from the beginning instead of trying to hinder him. This caused the two to put aside their differences and Spark to join forces with the Chief again against the Flood and the Covenant. Due to his abilities in connection with the Halo Array, Spark proved to be a powerful ally and seemed to take commands from Commander Keyes, Sergeant Johnson and the Master Chief without hesitation as part of his new function in life. When he discovered, his priority protocol reactivated, and he adopted the ring as his replacement. When declared his intent to fire the Halo, which would destroy it, Spark unhesitatingly killed him.

Despite his treachery, it is unlikely the UNSC would have been able to prevent the premature activation of the Halo Array without Guilty Spark's assistance. Trivia Check out our collection of quotes related to 343 Guilty Spark in its. Browse more images in this article's. General.

343 Guilty Spark was voiced by actor. The only person who ever refers to 343 Guilty Spark as '343 Guilty Spark' is himself, when he is introducing himself. Others refer to him as 'The Oracle', or 'The Monitor' when speaking of him, or even shorten his name to 'Spark', or once 'Robot', to which 343 Guilty Spark protested against, and also 'Tinker Bell' by Avery Johnson in Halo 2 after he asks about where to activate the rings while in standby mode and answered sarcastically. He has also been called 'Light bulb' by Johnson in Halo 2 (to Tartarus: 'Please.Don't shake the light-bulb.' ) and Halo 3 ('A tank's a tank, light bulb.' . 343 Guilty Spark is the only significant enemy character that appears in person in the last level of each game in the trilogy (excluding cutscenes).

After the Halo: Combat Evolved credits, the tune he hums is a portion of the Halo theme. Occasionally, in Halo 3, he will hum some parts of the. In the cutscenes of Halo 2, when 343 Guilty Spark talks his light glows brighter, but during gameplay in Halo 2 when he talks his light grows dim.

This is a programming, where he was supposed to do the opposite, and is referred by Joseph Staten as 'the most terrible glitch in Halo 2. And nobody cares about it.' . In Halo 3, if the player kills his/her fellow Marines or teammates on Co-op, 343 Guilty Spark will sometimes become hostile and fire his laser at the player, and, despite having to fight him while he uses it later on, is much more powerful and can easily kill the player in one hit, even while in a. 343 Guilty Spark shoots a beam similar to both the UNSC Spartan Laser and the Forerunner. When comparing power through hacking or modding, the beam is noticeably weaker than a Spartan Laser but much stronger than a.

In the of Halo 3, just before 343 Guilty Spark dies, he will make random statements such as Gollum's catchphrase from Lord of the Rings: 'My Precious!' This is likely because Halo is also a 'ring of great power', just like the Great Ring that Gollum possessed. Other similarities to the Lord of the Rings include that Guilty Spark is an ally for most of the third game, but turns against the main characters at the end, dying to try and stop the protagonists from destroying his beloved ring. Players can gain an Xbox Live Avatar prop representation of 343 Guilty Spark just by using on the Xbox 360. The, when asked about Guilty Spark, claims that 'He's my progeny. He inherited my good looks and pleasant personality.' .

On the level he can be seen behind a transparent wall in the bunker near the cliff. He will float up to the door backwards and turn around to face outside. When standing in front of him the prompt 'Hold x to take ally's.'

And the icon for the appears however you can't actually take it. In, there is a small covering on the top part of his eye. This covering is not present in the original game or in his appearance Halo 2 and Halo 3. It is also not present when he appears in the terminals nor seen on any other installation monitor shown. When it is present it makes him look quite sad or depressed.

It is unknown why this change in design was made, although it may hint to his descending rampancy or loneliness. This covering can also be seen on the forge monitors when playing on maps of the. In the cinematic cutscenes the light in Guilty Spark's 'eye' moves around when he talks to other characters. Guilty Spark appears, in his Halo 2: Anniversary form, in as an unlockable antenna for the base cars to use. References. 343 is equal to 7 3 (which happens to be 7 (installation # - 1): 7 (4-1) = 7 3), with being a number seen frequently in games and mythology.

343 can also be made up to 7 3 ( (3+4) 3=7 3 ). In Halo: Combat Evolved and 3, the 'eye' of 343 Guilty Spark bears the logo. Also, there are notable similarities between Guilty Spark and Durandal; both are able to teleport the main character, and ended up rampant., 's internal-build team tasked with managing the Halo franchise, is named in reference to 343 Guilty Spark.

Guilty Spark's single round eye is a reference to of. Like HAL, he is obsessed with protocol to the point of attacking the humans he is partnered with. In personality, however, he is HAL's polar opposite. Gallery. The Guilty Spark Antenna in Rocket League. List of appearances. (First appearance).

(Mentioned only). (Mentioned only). (Mentioned only). (Mentioned only). (Indirect mention). (Prop only).

(Mentioned only). (Non-canonical appearance) Notes. In the Halo Waypoint video, it was originally stated that 343 Guilty Spark had been captured by Sesa Refumee's soldiers after the Battle of Installation 04. However, the of Halo: Combat Evolved Anniversary later revealed that the Monitor was quickly accepted among the Covenant, even after killing two Kig-Yar. 343 Guilty Spark was not captured but rather welcomed as an Oracle.